Dental Problems in Cats: Signs, Causes and How to Help

Dental disease is one of the most common health problems in cats, and one of the easiest to miss. Cats are very good at hiding pain, so by the time you notice, the problem may already be advanced. Older cats are especially at risk.

Signs of dental problems

• Bad breath
• Dribbling or drooling
• Dropping food, chewing on one side, or refusing hard food
• Pawing at the mouth or face
• Red, swollen or bleeding gums
• Weight loss, or a cat who seems hungry but reluctant to eat
• Looking unkempt because grooming is painful

Common causes

• Gum disease (gingivitis and periodontitis): plaque and tartar build up and inflame the gums, which can damage the tissue and bone around the teeth.
• Tooth resorption: a painful condition where the tooth structure is gradually destroyed, often only visible on dental X rays.
• Stomatitis: severe, painful inflammation of the mouth that needs specialist treatment.
• Broken teeth or oral injuries.

What your vet will do

Your vet will examine your cat’s mouth and may recommend a dental procedure under general anaesthetic. This allows a thorough clean above and below the gum line, dental X rays and removal of any diseased teeth. Cats usually cope very well without some or all of their teeth once the pain has gone. For older cats, your vet may do a blood test beforehand to make the anaesthetic as safe as possible. Leaving dental pain untreated is often a bigger risk than treating it.

Helping at home

• Brush your cat’s teeth with a toothpaste made for cats. Never use human toothpaste. Start slowly and make it a calm, positive routine.
• Ask your vet about dental diets or products proven to help reduce plaque.
• Check your cat’s mouth now and then for any change in smell, gum colour or eating habits.
• Book regular checkups. Many vets offer free or low cost dental checks.

When to see a vet

Do not wait if your cat has stopped eating, is drooling heavily, has a swollen face or seems in pain. A cat who does not eat for a day or two can become seriously unwell.

Last updated: October 2026. This article is general information and is not a substitute for advice from your vet. If you are worried about your cat, or cannot afford their care, please contact us and see our guide to what to do if you cannot afford vet bills.

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