Dementia in Older Cats: Signs and How to Help

Cats can develop a condition similar to dementia in people. It is often called feline cognitive dysfunction (FCD). It is more common in cats over about 10 and affects a large proportion of cats in their late teens. It can be distressing to see, but there is a lot you can do to help your cat.

Signs of cognitive decline

• Confusion or seeming lost in familiar places
• Crying or yowling, especially at night
• Changes in sleep patterns, such as more sleep in the day and wakefulness at night
• Forgetting litter training or going to the toilet in odd places
• Changes in interaction: more clingy, or less interested in affection
• Staring at walls, or disorientation
• Changes in appetite
• Less grooming

See your vet first

Many of these signs can also be caused by treatable conditions, such as an overactive thyroid, high blood pressure, kidney disease, arthritis or pain. Your vet can check for these before concluding it is dementia.

How to help at home

• Keep a calm, predictable routine for feeding, play and bedtime.
• Avoid moving furniture or changing the environment unnecessarily.
• Provide easy access to food, water, litter trays and a warm bed. Add night lights if your cat seems lost in the dark.
• Offer gentle play and mental stimulation, such as food puzzles or short play sessions.
• Use pheromone diffusers or calming products if your vet suggests them.
• Spend quiet, loving time together. Gentle company helps.

Treatment and support

Your vet may recommend a special diet or supplements designed to support brain health, and, in some cases, medication. There is no cure, but good care can slow the effects and improve quality of life.

Looking after yourself too

Caring for a cat with dementia can be tiring and emotional. Speak to your vet, friends or family for support. If you are worried about the cost of care, please get in touch.

Last updated: October 2026. This article is general information and is not a substitute for advice from your vet. If you are worried about your cat, or cannot afford their care, please contact us and see our guide to what to do if you cannot afford vet bills.

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